There’s more to yawning than meets the eye. Research shows that yawning is contagious. And so when you see the word “yawn," or look at photos of people mid-yawn, or watch film of actual yawns, you will start to feel like yawning.
打哈欠比看起來還要複雜。研究顯示打哈欠是會傳染的。所以當你看見「打哈欠」這個詞，或看著人們正在打哈欠的照片，或看真正打哈欠的影片，你就會開始想打哈欠。
Also, the more you’re affected by the images, the more empathic you are. So if you’re feeling the need to yawn right now, then you tend to be good at reading other people’s emotions, whereas if you don’t feel like yawning, then you’re more of an emotional island.
另外，你越容易被圖片影響，你就越有同理心。所以如果你現在有感受到打哈欠的需求，那你通常比較擅長讀他人的情緒，而如果你不想打哈欠，那你在情緒上比較是個孤島。
And so, if you want to gain a fun insight into your friends, just ask them to watch this video and see if they yawn.
那麼，如果你想對朋友有好玩的了解，只要請他們看這部影片，然後看看他們有沒有打哈欠就行了。
It’s normal to think that we’ll cry when sad stuff happens on-screen: when a character we’ve come to like dies, when a relationship we wanted to believe in falls apart, when a favorite animal doesn’t make it. Of course, we do sometimes shed tears here.
我們會認為在影片中出現難過場景時哭泣是很正常的：當我們喜歡的角色死去，當我們想要相信的一段感情關係破裂，當最愛的動物抵不過死亡的威脅。當然，我們在此時確實偶爾會掉下眼淚。
But the odd thing is, especially the older we get, we start crying not when things are horrible (one toughens up a little), but when they’re suddenly and unexpectedly, precisely the opposite—when they’re unusually sweet, tender, joyful, innocent, or kind.
但奇怪的是，特別是我們年紀漸長後，我們不再因糟透的事情而哭泣(因為我們變得更堅強了)，而是在事情來得突如其然、正好完全相反時哭泣－－當事情出乎意料地甜蜜、溫柔、快樂、單純或善良時哭泣。
And the little one is Beatrice.
那個小女孩是 Beatrice。
That Beatrice. She…she’s got a mischievous glint in her eye, doesn’t she?
那個 Beatrice。她…她眼神裡有一絲淘氣的光芒，對不對？
Yeah, unbelievable.
對，不可置信。
Forgot napkins.
忘記拿紙巾了。
Okay, 33 seconds.
好，33 秒。
For example, when a rather gruff, distant father shows vulnerability…
例如，當一個總是板著臉孔、有距離感的父親展現出脆弱的一面…
I’m proud of you, Flint.
Flint，我為你感到驕傲。
I’m amazed that someone as ordinary as me could be the father of someone as extraordinary as you.
我很驚訝，像我這麼平凡的人竟能成為這麼不凡的你的父親。
…when two lovers who’d been rowing make it up, when a child says something incredibly sweet and innocent…
…當一對不斷爭吵的戀人終於和好，當一個小孩說出極為貼心又天真的話…
I’m really good.
我很好。
…when someone is so tender with somebody else.
…當有人非常溫柔地對待他人。
Far more than grimness, it’s a particular grace and loveliness which can, for a moment, feel heartbreaking.
比起無情，特別的善意及美好才能讓人短暫感到心碎。
We’re crying not because something sad has happened on-screen, but because what’s so lovely on-screen is nudging us to realize semiconsciously that some pretty sad things have been happening in our lives. The loveliness is drawing our attention to some of the struggles we face and to some of the things we really want but are finding it so hard to get: reconciliation, forgiveness, tenderness, an end to the fighting, a chance to say sorry.
我們並非因為影片中悲傷的情節而哭泣，而是因為影片中的美好稍稍提醒我們在半意識中明白，我們的生活中還有一些令人難受的事情持續發生著。那些美好使我們想起我們面對的掙扎，以及我們渴求卻難以達成的事情：和解、原諒、溫柔、爭吵的結束、說抱歉的機會。
We start to cry at a brief vision of a state of grace from which we’re exiled most of the time. We ache for all the lost innocence of the world. Loveliness and goodness can make the actual ugliness of our existence all the more vivid.
我們因短暫看見經常遺忘的善意而開始哭泣。我們因世界丟失的純真而心痛。美好與善良會讓我們存在的真實醜陋更加鮮明。
That’s also why, if we were to consider the unusual project of creating a robot that could cry at the movies, we would have to do something apparently rather cruel. We would have to ensure that this robot knew all about suffering, for it’s only against a background of pain
that beautiful scenes in films become deeply moving rather than merely nice.
那也是為什麼，如果我們考慮執行一項獨特的專案，創造一個在看電影時會哭泣的機器人，我們就必須去做一些顯然非常殘忍的事情。我們必須確保這個機器人確實明白痛苦，因為唯有在痛苦下，影片中的美好場景才會深刻地動人，而不僅是帶來美好而已。
Our tears are telling us something key, that our lives are tougher than they used to be when we were little, and that our longing for uncomplicated niceness and goodness is correspondingly all the more intense.
我們的眼淚在告訴我們一些重要的訊息，我們的生活比年幼時更艱難，我們對簡單的良善和美好的渴望也因而更加強烈。
In the garden, there’s a caterpillar and a snail, and they’re basically best friends. They hang out 24/7. They do dinner, movie nights, crafts, oh, and they’re, like, really into cosplay on top of, like, whatever else caterpillars and snails do, like, eat leaves or something.
花園裡，有一隻毛毛蟲和一隻蝸牛，牠們基本上算最好的麻吉。牠們二十四小時都混在一起。牠們一起吃晚餐、看電影、做手工藝 ，噢，而且牠們真的很迷角色扮演，除了其它毛毛蟲和蝸牛都會做的事之外，像是，吃樹葉還是什麼的。
Anyways, one day they’re on their way to a party that’s right outside the garden, and they have to go through the fence to get there. So the caterpillar goes right through, but the snail is stuck. Her shell is just too big and it won’t fit under the wire, so she’s like, “Crap! I can’t get through! Maybe, like, can you lift up the wire, or maybe we can build a little bridge or something?" And the caterpillar’s like, “Dude, just go under." But she can’t. There’s just no way that the shell is gonna fit.
總之，有一天牠們在前往花園外的派對的路上，而牠們得穿過圍籬才能到那。毛毛蟲直接過去，但蝸牛卡住了。她的殼太大，那穿不過鐵網下面，所以她就像這樣說：「糟糕！我過不去！或許，你可以抬起鐵絲網，或是我們也許可以建個小橋還是什麼的？」毛毛蟲這樣回答：「好哥兒們，從底下過去就是了。」但蝸牛她沒辦法。那殼根本不可能過得去。
And the caterpillar’s like, “Go under, come on. We’re gonna be late, and I’m trying to hook up with that super cute ladybug." But it’s not happening. The shell will not fit under the wire, and at this point, Snail’s getting kinda frustrated because it’s not like she doesn’t wanna go to the party, but for some reason, Caterpillar just isn’t getting it.
毛毛蟲就像這樣說：「從底下過，快啊。我們要遲到了，我可是要試著把那隻超可愛的瓢蟲耶。」但蝸牛過不去。殼沒辦法從鐵絲網下過去，此刻，蝸牛感到有點挫敗，因為又不是說她不想要去派對，但因為某種原因，毛毛蟲就是無法理解。
“Yeah…it’s not that easy for me. I just can’t crawl under the fence like you can, so I would really appreciate your help here. Maybe we can, like, go a different way, or the…" And this just, like, sets the caterpillar off.
「是啊…這對我來說沒那麼容易。我就是沒辦法像你那樣從圍籬底下爬過去，所以我會非常感謝你此時此地的幫忙。或許我們可以，像是，走別條路，或者…」然後這就把毛毛蟲惹火了。
“What the heck! Just because I can crawl under stuff doesn’t mean that I have it easy. Do you even know what it’s like to have 16 feet?! You don’t, because finding shoes is a complete nightmare."
「搞什麼！只因為我可以從那玩意底下爬過去不代表對我來說就很容易。妳知道有 16 隻腳是怎樣嗎？！妳不知道，因為找鞋子是場全然的噩夢。」
“Whoa, whoa, whoa, I’m not saying you have it easy. I’m just saying I can’t go under the fence because of my shell, that’s it. I have a shell and you don’t, and there’s some stuff that’s easier for you that’s harder for me, just like, I don’t know jack about finding shoes because I don’t have feet!"
「哇、哇、哇…我不是說對你來講很容易。我只是說，因為我的殼的關係，我沒辦法從圍籬底下過去，就這樣。我有殼而你沒有，有些對你來說比較容易的事對我來說比較困難，就像是，我壓根不了解找鞋子這回事，因為我沒有腳！」
Caterpillar thinks about this for a second and realizes the snail is right. I mean, he’s never had to think about shells or slimy trails, and that’s a privilege that the snail has never had because she has to think about that stuff all the time. That’s part of being a snail. And it’s kind of like that for everyone, right?
毛毛蟲想了會，發現蝸牛是對的。我是說，他從來不用考慮殼或是黏答答的足跡，但那是蝸牛從未享有的特權，因為她必須時時刻刻想著那玩意。那是當一隻蝸牛的一部分。而對大家來說都有點像那樣，對吧？
I mean, we all have our own struggles and challenges, and some of them are small, and some of them are huge and really unfair and beyond our control. And a lot of the time, it can be hard to see what someone else deals with because you’ve never been in their shoes…or shell. I mean, like, maybe you’re gay, or trans, have a disability, or different religion, or, of course, the obvious one, you’re a member of a different race. I don’t know what it’s like to be you, and you don’t know what it’s like to be me. So it’s really important to stop and try and see the other side so we can help each other overcome those obstacles together. It’s like sometimes you’re the snail, and sometimes you’re the caterpillar.
我是說，我們都有我們自己的掙扎和挑戰，那些事有些微不足道，有些則很龐大、且非常不公平、又超出我們的控制。很多時候，可能很難看見別人面臨的困難，因為你從未處在他們的立場…或殼裡。我是說，像是，可能你是同性戀，或跨性別者，有缺陷，或有不同的宗教信仰，或者，當然，很顯然的那一個，你是屬於不同種族的一員。我不知道身為你是怎樣，而你也不知道身為我是怎樣。所以停下來並試著看另一面是非常重要的，這樣我們才可以同心協力幫助彼此克服那些困難。這就像有時候你是那隻蝸牛，但有時候你是那隻毛毛蟲。
Oh yeah, okay so, then the snail and the caterpillar figured out that if they went to the other side of the garden, they could get through a little break in the fence. And while it took a little longer to get to the party, they did the trip together, which is what made it so great. So they got to the party. The caterpillar hooked up with the little ladybug. Snail taught everyone how to do the Wobble, and the party was everything.
沒錯，好啦所以，接著蝸牛和毛毛蟲想到，如果牠們去花園的另一邊，牠們就可以從圍籬的小縫隙穿過去。雖然花了比較多時間才到派對，但牠們一起完成這旅程，那就是讓這旅程如此美好的事物。所以牠們抵達派對。毛毛蟲和小瓢蟲調情。蝸牛教所有人跳搖擺舞，派對棒呆了。
The End
結束
This video is illustrated by the very talented and lovely Kat Blaque, and written and narrated by yours truly, Chescaleigh. Please check out Kat’s channel and don’t forget to subscribe. Byeee!
這部影片是由才華洋溢又可愛的 Kat Blaque 繪製，由你真摯的 Chescaleigh 寫下以及配旁白。請看看 Kat 的頻道，還有別忘了訂閱喔。掰掰！
It’s fascinating to me to think about, you know, the beingness of creatures on this planet. And it’s very obvious that we are human beings, so I always feel we have chimpanzee beings and dog beings. And I like to talk about them as he and she, which I was horribly criticized for at the beginning. And I was told that we humans were the only beings with personalities, minds, and emotions, but I learned from my childhood teacher that that wasn’t true, and that childhood teacher was my dog, Rusty.
對我而言去思考，你知道，在這個星球上的生物的存在性是很吸引人的。很顯然我們是人們，所以我總是認為我們也有黑猩猩們以及狗兒們(註一)。而我喜歡將他們當作「他」和「她」來討論，為此我在一開始受到嚴苛的批判。有人告訴我，我們人類是唯一擁有個性、思想、以及情感的生物，但我從我的童年導師那學到那不是正確的，而那童年導師是我的狗，Rusty。
People said why did I name the chimpanzees? Why wouldn’t I name them? Every animal I’d ever had had a name. My guinea pigs had names; my golden hamster had a name; the caterpillars that I kept to turn into butterflies—they all had names. Of course I would name chimpanzees. I couldn’t remember them if they had numbers. Thanks for National Geographic, people got to know the chimpanzees as individuals, which they were. They had names, like David Greybeard, the first one to lose his fear; Old Flo, that amazing matriarch. If they’d been number 1, 10, 15, nobody would have had a clue, including me. It doesn’t mean anything.
人們說我為什麼要替黑猩猩取名字？我為什麼不會替他們取名呢？我曾養過的每隻動物都有名字。我的天竺鼠有名字；我的黃金鼠有名字；我養來變成蝴蝶的毛毛蟲們－－他們都有名字。我當然會替黑猩猩取名字啊。如果他們只有號碼，我就無法記住他們。感謝國家地理頻道，人們得以將黑猩猩當成獨一無二的個體來認識，而他們的確是。他們有名字，像是灰鬍子大衛，他是第一隻放下恐懼的黑猩猩；老芙洛，那了不起的女家長。如果他們只是編號 1、10、15，沒人會知道在說誰，包括我在內。編號不具任何意義。
And I was told that you have to give them numbers because you’ve got to be objective as a scientist, and you mustn’t empathize with your subject. And I feel this is where science has gone wrong. To have this coldness, this lack of empathy, has enabled some scientists to do unethical behavior. Moreover, why deny a perfectly respectable tool? I think those two are behaving like that because that’s how I would behave if I was in that situation—that’s empathy. Once you’ve worked out why you think they are doing it, then you can start testing that: Am I right? Is this a valid assumption or not? But it gives you a groundwork for asking questions.
人們告訴我，你必須給他們號碼，因為身為一位科學家你一定得客觀，而且你絕不能對你的研究對象產生同理心。我認為這就是科學開始走偏的地方。擁有這種冷漠、這種同理心的缺乏，使得一些科學家能夠做出不道德的行為。此外，為何要拒絕一個十分可敬的工具呢？我想那兩隻猩猩正像那樣表現，因為如果我在那種情況下，那也是我會表現的方式－－那就是同理心。一旦你想出為什麼你覺得他們這樣做，然後你就可以開始測試：我是對的嗎？這是否是個有依據的推論？但同理心給了你一個提出疑問的根基。
I think empathy is really important. And I think only when our clever brain and our human heart work together in harmony can we achieve our full potential.
我認為同理心是非常重要的。而且我想只有在我們聰明的腦袋和我們人心和諧地共同運作時，我們才能發揮我們最大的潛能。
註一：chimpanzee beings 和 dog beings 是珍‧古德女士在這裡自創的詞，改自 human being（人類）一字，因為珍古德認為黑猩猩和狗兒和人類一樣都是地球上的生命，並沒有地位高低之別。
So what is empathy? And why is it very different than sympathy?
什麼是同理心？為什麼它和同情心那麼不同？
Empathy fuels connection. Sympathy drives disconnection. Empathy is very interesting.
同理心激發連結。同情心促使失連。同理心是非常有趣的。
Teresa Wiseman is a nursing scholar, who studied professions—very diverse professions where empathy is relevant, and came up with four qualities of empathy: Perspective taking (the ability to take the perspective of another person, or recognize their perspectives as their truth), staying out of judgment (not easy when you enjoy this as much as most of us do), recognizing emotion of another people, and then communicating that.
Teresa Wiseman是名護理學者，她研究職業－－與同理心相關、非常不同的職業，並提出四種同理心的特性：接受觀點(接受他人觀點的能力，或是認同他們的觀點為他們的事實)、不加評論(這不容易，當你跟我們大多數人一樣喜歡評論他人時)、看出他人的情緒、並接著與那交流。
Empathy is feeling with people. And to me, I always think of empathy as this kind of sacred space when someone’s kind of in a deep hole, and they shout out from the bottom and they say, “I’m stuck. It’s dark. I’m overwhelmed." And then we look and we say, “Hey," and climb down, “I know what it’s like down here, and you’re not alone."
同理心是與人一起感受。對我而言，我總是把同理心想成這種神聖的空間，當某人好像在一個深穴裡，而他們從底部大叫，他們說：「我被困住了。這裡好黑。我受不了了。」然後我們看看，我們說：「嘿」，然後爬下去說：「我知道在這下面是什麼樣子，你並不孤單。」
Sympathy is, “Woo! It’s bad, ahuh? Now, you want a sandwich?"
同情心是：「哇！真糟糕啊，對吧？現在，你想要個三明治嗎？」
Empathy is a choice. And it’s a vulnerable choice because in order to connect with you, I have to connect with something in myself that knows that feeling. Rarely, if ever, does an empathic response begin with “at least."
同理心是種選擇。那是種很容易受到傷害的選擇，因為為了要能與你連結，我必須連結到我自己心裡能了解那感受的東西。一個同理心的回應極少(如果真的有的話)以「至少…」來開頭。
I had a…yeah, and we do it all the time, because, you know what, someone just shares something with us that’s incredibly painful, and we’re trying to silver lining that. I don’t think that’s a verb, but I’m using it as one.
我有個…對，而我們總是在做這事，因為，你知道嗎，某人剛與我們分享一些極為痛苦的事，而我們試著要「一線希望」它。我不認為那是個動詞，但我要把它當動詞用。
We’re trying to put this silver lining around it, so “I had a miscarriage."
我們試著要擠出一線希望，所以當人說：「我流產了。」
“At least, you know you can get pregnant."
「至少妳知道妳能懷孕。」
“I think my marriage is falling apart."
「我覺得我的婚姻正在破碎。」
“At least, you have a marriage."
「至少妳有段婚姻。」
“John’s getting kicked out of school."
「John要被學校退學了。」
“At least, Sarah, he’s an A-student."
「至少，Sarah，他是個優等學生。」
But one of the things we do sometimes in the face of very difficult conversations is we try to make things better.
但我們在面對非常難受的對話時，其中我們有時會做的一件事，是我們試著要讓事情好轉一點。
If I share something with you that’s very difficult, I’d rather you say, “I don’t even know what to say right now. I’m just so glad you told me," because the truth is rarely can a response make something better. What makes something better is connection.
如果我跟你分享某件非常難過的事，我寧願你說：「我現在甚至不知該說什麼好。我只是很開心你肯跟我說。」因為事實是，回應很少會讓事情好轉。能讓事情好轉的是連結。
